Key Findings
[i] “Botswana: An African Success Story Shows Strains,” Council on Foreign Relations, accessed April 11, 2019, https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/botswana-african-success-story-shows-strains.
[ii] “Botswana,” Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2018, January 4, 2018, https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/botswana.
[iii] “EISA Botswana: 2014 National Assembly Election Results,” accessed February 10, 2019, https://www.eisa.org.za/wep/bot2014results.htm.
[iv] “Water Policy Brief: Reflecting on the Challenges of Attaining a Green Economy for Botswana” (United Nations Development Programme, 2012), https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1007National%20Report%20(Water)%20-%20Botswana.pdf.
[v] “Water Policy Brief: Reflecting on the Challenges of Attaining a Green Economy for Botswana.”
[vi] Kabelo Adamson, “Youth Unemployment Rate Stands at 25%,” The Voice, January 22, 2019, https://thevoicebw.com/youth-unemployment-rate-stands-at-25/.
[ii] “Botswana,” Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2018, January 4, 2018, https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/botswana.
[iii] “EISA Botswana: 2014 National Assembly Election Results,” accessed February 10, 2019, https://www.eisa.org.za/wep/bot2014results.htm.
[iv] “Water Policy Brief: Reflecting on the Challenges of Attaining a Green Economy for Botswana” (United Nations Development Programme, 2012), https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1007National%20Report%20(Water)%20-%20Botswana.pdf.
[v] “Water Policy Brief: Reflecting on the Challenges of Attaining a Green Economy for Botswana.”
[vi] Kabelo Adamson, “Youth Unemployment Rate Stands at 25%,” The Voice, January 22, 2019, https://thevoicebw.com/youth-unemployment-rate-stands-at-25/.
Indicator Analysis
[i] “HIV and AIDS in Botswana,” AVERT, December 2018, https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-around-world/sub-saharan-africa/botswana.
[ii] “Ending AIDS: Progress Towards the 90-90-90 Targets,” Global AIDS Update (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), 2017), http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/Global_AIDS_update_2017_en.pdf.
[iii] Lindy Davies, “Population in Africa: Whirlwind, or Just Spin?,” Progress, January 27, 2019, https://www.progress.org/articles/population-in-africa-whirlwind-or-just-spin.
[iv] “Progress Report of the National Response to the 2011 Declaration of Commitments on HIV and AIDS” (National AIDS Coordinating Agency, June 2015), http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/BWA_narrative_report_2015.pdf.
[v] “Botswana’s Draconian Public Health Bill Approved by Parliament, BONELA Will Challenge It as Unconstitutional Once President Signs into Law (Update 3) | HIV Justice,” accessed January 29, 2019, http://www.hivjustice.net/news/botswanas-public-health-bills-hiv-related-provisions-counter-productive-discriminatory-unconstitutional-and-barbaric/.
[vi] Xaxa (Shasha), “Zimbabwean Refugees Return Home From Botswana,” Pindula News, January 12, 2019, https://news.pindula.co.zw/2019/01/12/zimbabwean-refugees-return-home-from-botswana/.
[vii] Xaxa (Shasha).
[viii] Arnaldo Vieira, “Botswana’s Quit Notice to Refugees,” Daily Nation, May 17, 2018, https://www.nation.co.ke/news/africa/Botswana-quit-notice-to-refugees/1066-4566862-xh3pxo/index.html.
[ix] “NamRights Lashes out at Botswana for ‘cruel Treatment of Refugees,’” Political Analysis South Africa, January 7, 2019, https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/namrights-lashes-out-at-botswana-for-cruel-treatment-of-refugees/.
[x] Pumza Fihlani, “Botswana Bushmen: Modern Life Is Destroying Us,” BBC News, January 7, 2014, sec. Africa, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24821867.
[xi] “Botswana Unemployment Rate,” Trading Economics, 2019, https://tradingeconomics.com/botswana/unemployment-rate.
[xii] Kabelo Adamson, “Youth Unemployment Rate Stands at 25%,” The Voice, January 22, 2019, https://thevoicebw.com/youth-unemployment-rate-stands-at-25/.
[ii] “Ending AIDS: Progress Towards the 90-90-90 Targets,” Global AIDS Update (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), 2017), http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/Global_AIDS_update_2017_en.pdf.
[iii] Lindy Davies, “Population in Africa: Whirlwind, or Just Spin?,” Progress, January 27, 2019, https://www.progress.org/articles/population-in-africa-whirlwind-or-just-spin.
[iv] “Progress Report of the National Response to the 2011 Declaration of Commitments on HIV and AIDS” (National AIDS Coordinating Agency, June 2015), http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/BWA_narrative_report_2015.pdf.
[v] “Botswana’s Draconian Public Health Bill Approved by Parliament, BONELA Will Challenge It as Unconstitutional Once President Signs into Law (Update 3) | HIV Justice,” accessed January 29, 2019, http://www.hivjustice.net/news/botswanas-public-health-bills-hiv-related-provisions-counter-productive-discriminatory-unconstitutional-and-barbaric/.
[vi] Xaxa (Shasha), “Zimbabwean Refugees Return Home From Botswana,” Pindula News, January 12, 2019, https://news.pindula.co.zw/2019/01/12/zimbabwean-refugees-return-home-from-botswana/.
[vii] Xaxa (Shasha).
[viii] Arnaldo Vieira, “Botswana’s Quit Notice to Refugees,” Daily Nation, May 17, 2018, https://www.nation.co.ke/news/africa/Botswana-quit-notice-to-refugees/1066-4566862-xh3pxo/index.html.
[ix] “NamRights Lashes out at Botswana for ‘cruel Treatment of Refugees,’” Political Analysis South Africa, January 7, 2019, https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/namrights-lashes-out-at-botswana-for-cruel-treatment-of-refugees/.
[x] Pumza Fihlani, “Botswana Bushmen: Modern Life Is Destroying Us,” BBC News, January 7, 2014, sec. Africa, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24821867.
[xi] “Botswana Unemployment Rate,” Trading Economics, 2019, https://tradingeconomics.com/botswana/unemployment-rate.
[xii] Kabelo Adamson, “Youth Unemployment Rate Stands at 25%,” The Voice, January 22, 2019, https://thevoicebw.com/youth-unemployment-rate-stands-at-25/.
Link Analysis
[i] “Sunday Standard - Online Edition,” October 24, 2014, https://web.archive.org/web/20141024172509/http://www.sundaystandard.info/article.php?NewsID=20411&GroupID=1.
[ii] “EISA Botswana: 2014 National Assembly Election Results,” accessed February 10, 2019, https://www.eisa.org.za/wep/bot2014results.htm.
[iii] “Botswana’s Ruling Democratic Party Wins General Elections - BBC News,” accessed February 10, 2019, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29776097.
[iv] “EISA Botswana: 2014 National Assembly Election Results.”
[v] “Botswana Economy: Population, GDP, Inflation, Business, Trade, FDI, Corruption,” accessed March 25, 2019, //www.heritage.org/index/country/botswana.
[vi] “Africa :: Botswana — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency,” accessed February 10, 2019, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bc.html.
[vii] “Udc-Gabs-South-Issues.pdf,” accessed February 10, 2019, http://www.electionsbotswana.org/article/udc-gabs-south-issues.pdf.
[ii] “EISA Botswana: 2014 National Assembly Election Results,” accessed February 10, 2019, https://www.eisa.org.za/wep/bot2014results.htm.
[iii] “Botswana’s Ruling Democratic Party Wins General Elections - BBC News,” accessed February 10, 2019, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29776097.
[iv] “EISA Botswana: 2014 National Assembly Election Results.”
[v] “Botswana Economy: Population, GDP, Inflation, Business, Trade, FDI, Corruption,” accessed March 25, 2019, //www.heritage.org/index/country/botswana.
[vi] “Africa :: Botswana — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency,” accessed February 10, 2019, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bc.html.
[vii] “Udc-Gabs-South-Issues.pdf,” accessed February 10, 2019, http://www.electionsbotswana.org/article/udc-gabs-south-issues.pdf.
Geospatial Analysis
[i] Thomas R. Yager, “The Mineral Industry of Botswana,” 2014 Minerals Yearbook (Botswana: United States Geological Survey, December 2017), https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country/2014/myb3-2014-bc.pdf.
[ii] “Debswana Diamond Mines,” Mining Technology (blog), accessed February 20, 2019, https://www.mining-technology.com/projects/debswana/.
[iii] Yager, “The Mineral Industry of Botswana.”
[iv] “Africa :: Botswana — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency,” accessed February 14, 2019, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bc.html.
[v] “Environment - Botswana - Problem, Farming,” Nations Encyclopedia, accessed February 21, 2019, https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Botswana-ENVIRONMENT.html.
[vi] “Safari Companies - Botswana Travel Guide,” accessed February 21, 2019, http://www.botswana-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=931.
[vii] “Water Policy Brief: Reflecting on the Challenges of Attaining a Green Economy for Botswana” (United Nations Development Programme, 2012), https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1007National%20Report%20(Water)%20-%20Botswana.pdf.
[viii] Michael B. Kwesi Darkoh, “Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of Mining in Botswana: A Case Study of the Selebi-Phikwe Copper-Nickel Mine” (University of Botswana, January 2015).
[ix] Joseph E Mbaiwa, “The Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of Tourism Development on the Okavango Delta, North-Western Botswana,” Journal of Arid Environments 54, no. 2 (June 2003): 447–67.
[x] Mbaiwa.
[ii] “Debswana Diamond Mines,” Mining Technology (blog), accessed February 20, 2019, https://www.mining-technology.com/projects/debswana/.
[iii] Yager, “The Mineral Industry of Botswana.”
[iv] “Africa :: Botswana — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency,” accessed February 14, 2019, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bc.html.
[v] “Environment - Botswana - Problem, Farming,” Nations Encyclopedia, accessed February 21, 2019, https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Botswana-ENVIRONMENT.html.
[vi] “Safari Companies - Botswana Travel Guide,” accessed February 21, 2019, http://www.botswana-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=931.
[vii] “Water Policy Brief: Reflecting on the Challenges of Attaining a Green Economy for Botswana” (United Nations Development Programme, 2012), https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1007National%20Report%20(Water)%20-%20Botswana.pdf.
[viii] Michael B. Kwesi Darkoh, “Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of Mining in Botswana: A Case Study of the Selebi-Phikwe Copper-Nickel Mine” (University of Botswana, January 2015).
[ix] Joseph E Mbaiwa, “The Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of Tourism Development on the Okavango Delta, North-Western Botswana,” Journal of Arid Environments 54, no. 2 (June 2003): 447–67.
[x] Mbaiwa.
Analysis of Competing Hypotheses
[i] “Corruption Perceptions Index 2018,” Transparency International, Index 2018, 2018, https://www.transparency.org/cpi2018.
[ii] “Botswana : Constitution and Politics,” The Commonwealth, accessed March 20, 2019, http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/botswana/constitution-politics.
[iii] “Botswana,” Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2018, January 4, 2018, https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/botswana.
[iv] Neil Parsons, “Botswana,” in Encyclopedia Britannica, March 18, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/place/Botswana.
[v] “Botswana: Overview,” Text/HTML, World Bank, accessed March 21, 2019, http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/botswana/overview.
[vi] “Africa :: Botswana — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency,” CIA World Factbook, January 23, 2019, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bc.html.
[vii] “Botswana,” U.S. Department of State, accessed March 21, 2019, http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm.
[viii] Parsons, “Botswana.”
[ix] Kabelo Adamson, “Youth Unemployment Rate Stands at 25%,” The Voice, January 22, 2019, https://thevoicebw.com/youth-unemployment-rate-stands-at-25/.
[x] Correspondent, “Collaborating to Tackle Youth Unemployment,” Mmegi Online, March 8, 2019, http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=79953&dir=2019/march/08.
[ii] “Botswana : Constitution and Politics,” The Commonwealth, accessed March 20, 2019, http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/botswana/constitution-politics.
[iii] “Botswana,” Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2018, January 4, 2018, https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/botswana.
[iv] Neil Parsons, “Botswana,” in Encyclopedia Britannica, March 18, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/place/Botswana.
[v] “Botswana: Overview,” Text/HTML, World Bank, accessed March 21, 2019, http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/botswana/overview.
[vi] “Africa :: Botswana — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency,” CIA World Factbook, January 23, 2019, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bc.html.
[vii] “Botswana,” U.S. Department of State, accessed March 21, 2019, http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm.
[viii] Parsons, “Botswana.”
[ix] Kabelo Adamson, “Youth Unemployment Rate Stands at 25%,” The Voice, January 22, 2019, https://thevoicebw.com/youth-unemployment-rate-stands-at-25/.
[x] Correspondent, “Collaborating to Tackle Youth Unemployment,” Mmegi Online, March 8, 2019, http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=79953&dir=2019/march/08.
Multi-Criteria Decision Matrix Analysis
[i] “Botswana Integrated Water Resources Management & Water Efficiency Plan” (Gaborone, Botswana: Department of Water Affairs - Ministry of Minerals, Energy & Water, May 2013), https://www.gwp.org/globalassets/global/activities/impact-stories/further-reading/iwrm-we-plan.pdf.
[ii] “Water Policy Brief: Reflecting on the Challenges of Attaining a Green Economy for Botswana” (United Nations Development Programme, 2012), https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1007National%20Report%20(Water)%20-%20Botswana.pdf.
[iii] “Botswana Integrated Water Resources Management & Water Efficiency Plan.”
[iv] “Water Policy Brief: Reflecting on the Challenges of Attaining a Green Economy for Botswana.”
[v] “Water Policy Brief: Reflecting on the Challenges of Attaining a Green Economy for Botswana.”
[vi] “China’s African Ambitions Stumble in Botswana | News | Al Jazeera,” accessed March 31, 2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2014/08/chinas-african-ambitions-stumble-botswana-201482312611222505.html.
[vii] Anna Ying Chen, “China’s Role in Infrastructure Development in Botswana,” no. 44 (n.d.): 20.
[viii] “An Overview of the Relations Between China and Botswana,” accessed April 4, 2019, http://bw.china-embassy.org/eng/sbgx/t404979.htm.
[ii] “Water Policy Brief: Reflecting on the Challenges of Attaining a Green Economy for Botswana” (United Nations Development Programme, 2012), https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1007National%20Report%20(Water)%20-%20Botswana.pdf.
[iii] “Botswana Integrated Water Resources Management & Water Efficiency Plan.”
[iv] “Water Policy Brief: Reflecting on the Challenges of Attaining a Green Economy for Botswana.”
[v] “Water Policy Brief: Reflecting on the Challenges of Attaining a Green Economy for Botswana.”
[vi] “China’s African Ambitions Stumble in Botswana | News | Al Jazeera,” accessed March 31, 2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2014/08/chinas-african-ambitions-stumble-botswana-201482312611222505.html.
[vii] Anna Ying Chen, “China’s Role in Infrastructure Development in Botswana,” no. 44 (n.d.): 20.
[viii] “An Overview of the Relations Between China and Botswana,” accessed April 4, 2019, http://bw.china-embassy.org/eng/sbgx/t404979.htm.